Automotive Brake Systems

On almost all the kinds of cars (cars) are now using hydraulic brake system, also known as brake oil. Hydraulic brake system is also the foundation for the development of active safety systems on the back of the automobile others as ABS braking system, electronic brake force distribution EBD, traction control system TCS, system ESP electronic stabilization program, or system HAC uphill, downhill HDC ... this article I will refer to the structure and operating principle of the hydraulic brake system normally.

1. Diagram of brake system hydraulic usual

Hydraulic brake system normally

1. The main brake cylinder; 2. Election of the brake booster; 3. Brake drum (back); 4. wheel brake cylinder; 5. Brake pads; 6. Disc brakes (front brakes); 7. Warning brake wear; 8. Brake in; 9. Brake apart; 10. The disk brake; 11. The parking brake (handbrake)

Working principle of the system

So operating principle of hydraulic braking systems

1. The brake pedal;     2. The main brake cylinder piston (cylinder unit);  3. The main brake cylinder; 4. 5. 9. Piston brake wheel cylinders;    6. pipelines brakes; 7. wheel brake cylinder (cylinder heads); 8. Braking

* When making the brakes:

When the vehicle needs to reduce speed or stop the car, the driver on the brake pedal effects (1), through the actuators acting on the piston (2) moves in the main brake cylinder (3) pushes the oil into the system the pipeline system (6) and go to the wheel cylinders (7), under the effect of the force generated by brake fluid pressure in the system acting on the piston (4,5,9) wheel brake cylinder will be pushed out in the arrow direction to act on the structure of the brake (brake drum or disc brakes) shall reduce speed or stop the car. Time and distance is reduced or stopped vehicles depends on the forces acting on the brake pedal.

* When the brake release:

As the only driver on the brake pedal action, under the effect of spring in your structure at the wheel and / or the joystick will brake cylinder piston presses (4,5,9) and wheel brake cylinder oil pushed back into the main cylinder (3) as the first, this time will be released the brakes are no longer effective braking or stopping again.

2. The terms of the key details of brake systems

2.1. The main brake cylinder 

The cylinder mounting position on the actual vehicle

Design and working principle of the main cylinder

1. The main brake cylinder; 2. Election of the vacuum booster; 3. Binh secondary brake; 4. Binh primary brake; 5. Primary Brake Piston; 6. Pisotn secondary braking; 7. springs in position; 8. Path brake (brake but cell); 9. Ty push is driven from the brake pedal.

* Working Principle:

When braking: Ty pushed (9) pushes the primary piston (5) moves from left to right (in the drawing) until the last hole a and b (loss of oil from the main brake cylinder to cylinder), the compression process begins acting on the secondary piston (6) also moves from left to right until the last hole b 'are both 2 performs compression piston brake pushed through the pipe (8) goes to the wheels make the car brakes .

When you release the brakes: the springs in position (7) pushes the piston back to its original position and the brake will be recovered from the general brake system.

Braking is commonly used on the market today is DOT3 or DOT4.

2.2. Election vacuum brake booster

Election vacuum brake booster

The principle of operation of the vacuum booster elected

1.2. Backflow valve; 3. elect booster shell; 4. vacuum port connected to the commutator load (petrol engine) or vacuum pumps (petrol engine); 5. The rubber membrane; 6. Metal Plates

Working Principle:

Sugar vacuum (4) of the voting power assist commutator unconnected with the petrol engine load or vacuum pump of the diesel engine in the car, start the engine when the engine vacuum force will be generated and the suction membrane (5.6 ) tend forward (so to start the engine when the brake pedal, then we'll see lighter when not start). In the normal state when the brake valve (1) closes and valve (2) opens, pressure chambers (a) and (b) balance each other and with vacuum pressure created by the commutator loaded. When the driver acting on the brake pedal while the valve (1) is open chamber (a) at pressures of atmospheric pressure outside while van (2) closed makes pressure between chambers (a) and ( b) there is a difference (pressure chamber (b) is no longer power vacuum chamber (a) by atmospheric pressure), vacuum power tends to pull the membrane (5) (6) forward (to the tube vacuum) so feel lighter brakes. When you release the brake pedal, under the effect of the spring will make the film in (5) (6) back to its original position, the valve (1) is closed, the valve (2) open.

2.3. Brake disc structure

Structure of disc brakes

1. Brake Piston; 2. Brake caliper (the brake); 3. Brake; 4. Disc Brake; 5. Seal piston; 6. The air gap.

When performed under the effect of the oil brake hydraulic pressure acting on the surface of the piston (1) makes pisotn shift the arrow direction as shown pushing for squeezing the brake pads on both sides of the brake disk surface (4) and perform the braking.

When you release the brake oil in the system were asked about, piston (1) is no longer acting on the brakes (3) further piston (1) back to its original position is no longer exerted on the brake disc (4) and create slots gap between the brake pads (3) with brake disc (4) called the air gap.

2.4. The structure of drum brakes

Design and working principle of the structure type drum brake

1. Braking; 2. Brake pads; 3. Fasteners rotate (or increase braking mechanism); 4. Brake; 5. springs in position; 6. Wheel Brake Cylinder (cylinder heads); 7. Structure of increasing brake; 8. Screw exhaust ventilation (air discharge); 9. Tang drums; 10:11. Fasteners and springs keep the brake pads; 12. While brake box

Operating principle: Under the effect of the brake pedal, brake (1) in the system will move in the pipeline (although the box) to the wheel brake cylinder (6) pushes the piston (B1, B2) go out to the sides as the arrow in the drawing and acting on brake pads (2), as the brake pads pressed against the surface of the drum (9) perform the braking. When the brake pedal alone, the oil is in the tank and under the effect of return springs (5) will pull the parking brake (2) back to its original position. Fasteners (10) and spring (11) that keeps the brake pads always steady work at the location. Increased brake structure (7) has the effect adjustment clearance between the brake pads and drum brake when performing adjustment (plucked brake) between the wheels.

The following video clip gives us a better understanding of the structure and principles of operation of the braking system

3. Operation of parking brake system (brake)

The parking brakes are usually used on cars today

Parking brake (handbrake aka) has the function to keep the vehicle stationary without drifting forward or backward when the car stopped and the driver brakes to drag. Currently, automotive award in 3 categories using a parking brake as in the illustration, using each type are as follows:

For parking brake pulled by hand: when to stop, hands some to position N or P (automatic) riders perform the hand brake pull upward until you see the heavy hand only, usually with paragraph 7 -9 cry "ripped ripped". When released, pull the hand brake slightly upward and simultaneously press the button at the top of the brake and then keep your hands and lower arms button down to the bottom.

With this type of parking brake pedal format: usually arranged beneath the driver's left foot (RHD vehicles as in Vietnam), to implement the driver brake pedal all the way down the left foot on the brake pedal is being passed down, to release, we also do bike 1 park on the brake pedal and the brake will be released.

With the parking brake draw style: To do my brake hand brake pulled up sharply and then rotate the hands clockwise in the opposite direction at an angle of 30 degrees. Release the brakes slightly pulled up and rotated 30 degrees clockwise and then return the original location for hand brake.

The structure is usually mounted hand brake at the rear, and integrated with rear wheel brakes. Due to the brake control cable is so when the car operates in long-soaked conditions can be trapped. Also when the brake release is not out on the meter will alert by lighting taplo "BRAKE" yellow or red.

Some type parking brake indicator light (not expired or missing brake release)

Above is the basic principle of operation of the hydraulic brake system generally, in the next article I will discuss the operation of the brake assist system safety, such as ABS, EDB, TCS, ESP, VMS ...

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